Charter Ownership / Boat as a Business
Multihull Business Ownership

The tax break is real. So is the audit.

100% bonus depreciation is back for good. Put a multihull to work in a charter business and the boat can help pay for itself. Anyone can claim the deduction on a tax return. Keeping it when the IRS comes asking, years later, is another matter.

Save my seat at the free seminarTake the 60-second audit check
01 · Ownership options

Three ways to own. Only one is built for the tax benefits.

Private ownership, handing the boat to a charter company, or running the charter business yourself. Each works. They just pay off in very different ways, and the difference between passive and active is where most owners get it wrong.

PRIVATE OWNERSHIP

Your boat, your way

  • The exact boat in any configuration
  • 100% availability
  • Go anywhere, any time
  • You carry all maintenance and repairs
  • Biggest time commitment
  • Highest annual running costs
No business deductions
PASSIVE CHARTER MANAGEMENT

Buy it, hand it over, collect

  • Professionally managed and maintained
  • Charter revenue offsets costs
  • Little time required
  • Limited access to your own boat
  • Charter configuration and fixed base
  • “Guaranteed income” programs trade tax benefits for simplicity
Usually no current tax advantage
ACTIVE BUSINESS OWNERSHIP

You run the charter business

  • Charter revenue offsets costs
  • Can qualify for 100% bonus depreciation
  • You choose the boat, base and partner
  • Strict hour and use tests, every year
  • Records an auditor will accept
  • Recapture to plan for at exit
Where the tax benefits live

Want professional management and plenty of time aboard, without following the tax rules? That’s Charter Management. Compare every way to own on the Charter Yacht Ownership overview.

02 · How it works

The boat earns. The depreciation does the heavy lifting.

Done right, charter revenue covers the boat’s running costs while depreciation creates a business loss on paper. That loss can flow through to offset your other income. Done wrong, it all unwinds, with interest.

  1. 1Form the businessYour new boat becomes equipment owned by your business, commonly an LLC.
  2. 2Put her to workThe boat is placed in service in a charter operation and earns charter revenue.
  3. 3DepreciateRevenue covers operating costs, while depreciation creates a business loss.
  4. 4Offset incomeThe loss passes through to reduce tax on your other income, if you pass every test.
The brochure math vs. the real math

“Buy a $1M boat, save $370,000.” Maybe. Eventually.

At a 37% bracket, a $1,000,000 boat with 100% bonus depreciation is a $1,000,000 deduction, worth up to $370,000 in tax. That’s the number on every brochure. Here’s what the brochures leave out:

  • The loss has a yearly ceiling. For 2026, business losses beyond $256,000 (single) or $512,000 (joint) can’t offset your wages and investment income this year. The rest carries forward.
  • No participation, no current deduction. If you don’t materially participate, the loss is generally passive and waits until you have passive income or sell.
  • It has to be in service. Bought in December but not ready to charter until January? The deduction may move to next year.
ILLUSTRATION ONLYWhat could you deduct this year?
2026 rules · not tax advice
Purchase price
Your top tax bracket
Filing status
Will you materially participate?
Brochure tax savings$0
Usable this year$0
Deduction carried to future years$0

Assumes charter revenue roughly equals operating costs, no other business income, and the boat placed in service this year. Real results depend on your whole return. That’s why a CPA joins our seminar.

03 · The rules

Seven rules the brochures leave out.

Everybody knows the headline. The IRS cares about the fine print. Here’s a preview of the rules we walk through, with real examples, in the Business Ownership Seminar.

01Participation

500 hours. Or 100, with a catch.

To materially participate you generally need 500+ hours a year on the business, or 100+ hours and more than anyone else.

The trapWith a management company, their crew’s hours can outnumber yours. And a delivery day isn’t 24 working hours.
How to stay compliant: covered in the seminar
02Business use

The 50% test runs every year.

The boat has to stay above 50% qualified business use, not just in year one but every year you hold it.

The trapSlip below it in year four and earlier accelerated depreciation can be recaptured as ordinary income.
How to stay compliant: covered in the seminar
03Personal use

Plan your time aboard with room to spare.

Your own use can never push business use to 50% or below. Owners who stay comfortably in the 35–40% range leave a margin, so a slow charter season or an extra family trip will not tip the balance.

The trapFamily and friends sailing for free or at a discount generally count as personal use.
How to stay compliant: covered in the seminar
04Profit motive

Intent to profit has to look real.

A charter-ready layout, a base where boats actually book, a written business plan and a realistic path to profit.

The trapAn owner’s-version layout in a slow market tells the IRS a very different story.
How to stay compliant: covered in the seminar
05Location

Where she’s based changes the depreciation.

Property used predominantly outside the United States generally can’t take bonus depreciation and falls back to a slower schedule.

The trapThere’s a narrow exception for US-documented vessels. Know whether you fit it before you buy, not after.
How to stay compliant: covered in the seminar
06Loss limits

The loss has a ceiling.

For 2026, net business losses over $256,000 (single) or $512,000 (joint) can’t offset wages and investment income this year.

The trapYour salary doesn’t count as business income for this test. A $1M deduction may take years to use.
How to stay compliant: covered in the seminar
07Red flags

Know which kind of program you are in.

Guaranteed-income programs are built for simple, hands-off ownership. Claiming active-business tax benefits on one is where owners get into trouble.

The trapUsing the boat to entertain clients generally doesn’t make it deductible. It can make things worse.
How to stay compliant: covered in the seminar
AND THE REST

The details that decide an audit.

What counts as an hour, which records hold up, how to structure the business and when to place the boat in service. We cover it all, with a CPA in the room.

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04 · Audit risk

Anyone can file for it. The IRS decides whether you keep it.

Nobody approves the deduction up front. You claim it on your return, and the IRS can examine it years later, after the boat has been chartered, sailed and maybe sold. By then, the only thing that counts is what you documented at the time.

  1. Year 0Buy and place in serviceThe boat must be ready and available for charter by December 31 to deduct that year.
  2. Year 1File the returnDepreciation claimed. No one at the IRS signs off on it.
  3. +3 yearsGeneral audit windowThe standard period the IRS has to assess more tax.
  4. +6 yearsExtended windowIf income is understated by more than 25%.
  5. No limitFraud or no returnThe clock never starts.

And the window keeps reopening

  • Each year you use a carried-forward loss, the IRS can re-examine how that loss was calculated, even from a “closed” year.
  • The business-use test applies every year you own the boat. Fail it late, and the recapture lands in that year.
  • Selling the boat brings the depreciation back onto your return as recapture.

If it doesn’t hold up

  • Deductions disallowed and back taxes owed
  • Interest from the original due date
  • A 20% accuracy-related penalty on top
  • Depreciation recomputed on a slower schedule, with recapture

What an examiner asks for

  • Contemporaneous hour logs
  • Personal-use calendar
  • Written business plan
  • Charter agreements at market rates
  • Separate business accounts
  • Marketing & booking records
  • Management agreement
60-SECOND AUDIT CHECK

Would your plan hold up?

0 of 6 answered

1Will you keep a log of hours on the business as you go, not rebuilt later?

2Will you spend 500+ hours a year, or more hours than anyone else, including the management company?

3Will personal use stay comfortably below 50%, ideally around 35–40%, every year?

4Do you have a written business plan with a realistic path to profit?

5Is the boat based and flagged where it can take bonus depreciation?

6Do you know what you’ll owe in recapture when you sell or stop chartering?

YOUR RESULTAnswer all six to see your result

Each “no” or “not sure” is a rule an examiner would ask about.

    Close the gaps at the seminar
    05 · Exit plan

    Every depreciated boat has a tax bill waiting at the dock.

    Depreciation defers tax. It doesn’t erase it. When you sell, or when business use drops to 50% or below and the boat becomes a private yacht, the tax savings can come back as ordinary income. Plan the exit before you buy.

    Trade upPlace a new, larger boat in service the same year so fresh depreciation helps offset the recapture.
    Sell in a lower-income yearTiming a sale for a year with less income, retirement for example, can lower the rate on recapture.
    Hold longerRecapture is tied to gain on sale, and the math changes the longer you own and charter the boat.
    Sailing off into the sunset?Taking the boat out of charter for your own cruising is an exit too, and it can trigger recapture.
    06 · The seminar

    The Multihull Business Ownership Seminar.

    Free, live and recorded. Hosted by TMC’s Chief Operating Officer, 20+ years in the industry and thousands of catamaran sales managed worldwide, with a licensed CPA who specializes in boats as a business on hand for questions. It’s also a core module of the TMC Buying Academy.

    What we cover
    01
    Ownership optionsPrivate ownership, charter management and owner-operator, with pros and cons.
    02
    Passive vs. active programsWhat the difference really is, and which one carries tax benefits.
    03
    Bareboat, crewed and choosing a partnerSizes, bases and how to choose the right charter partner.
    04
    How 100% bonus depreciation worksPlaced in service, loss limits, and the math with real numbers.
    05
    The pillars of complianceParticipation hours, business use, personal use, profit motive, location.
    06
    Building an audit-ready fileThe records an examiner asks for, and how to keep them as you go.
    07
    Your exit strategyRecapture, trading up, timing a sale and moving to private use.
    08
    Open Q&A with a CPABring your questions. Book a private consultation if you need one.
    Quick answers

    Questions we hear every week.

    Is 100% bonus depreciation still available?

    Yes. The 2025 tax law made 100% bonus depreciation permanent for qualifying property acquired after January 19, 2025. It still has to be placed in service, and you still have to meet every other rule on this page.

    Does a used boat qualify?

    Generally yes, as long as you haven’t used the boat before and you buy it from an unrelated party. New or brokerage, the same compliance rules apply.

    Can I still sail my own boat?

    Yes, within limits. Personal days count against the business-use and personal-use tests, and how days aboard doing maintenance are counted has its own rules. We cover how owners plan their time aboard in the seminar.

    Do I need an LLC?

    An LLC is the most common structure for liability and clean books, but how the business is set up and taxed is a decision for you and your CPA.

    Can the boat be based in the Caribbean?

    It can, but location and flag affect whether bonus depreciation is available at all. This is one of the most misunderstood parts of the program and needs to be settled before you buy.

    What does the seminar cost?

    Nothing. The seminar is free, and you’ll get the recording when you register. If you want to go further, the TMC Buying Academy is $2,500 and credited at closing when you buy through TMC.

    The Multihull Company team at the red tent, Annapolis Sailboat Show
    Free seminar · live and recorded

    Learn the rules before the IRS teaches them to you.

    Save your seat at the next Multihull Business Ownership Seminar, or ask for a call with a TMC broker who places boats into charter. We’ll send session dates and the latest recording.

    • The seven rules, with real-world examples
    • Live Q&A with a licensed CPA
    • Charter partner options and sample numbers

    Save my seat

    Tell us a little about your plans. In the message, let us know if you’d also like a private call or CPA consultation.

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    Or call (215) 508-2704

    Important: The Multihull Company is a yacht brokerage and dealer. We are not tax advisors, CPAs or attorneys, and nothing on this page is tax, legal or financial advice. It is general information about U.S. federal tax rules as of 2026, which change and apply differently to every owner. Examples and calculations are illustrations only. Consult a qualified tax professional about your own situation before buying a vessel for business use.